Notable People
- Aneurin "Nye" Bevan, Labour politician and father of the National Health Service moved to Asheridge Farm near Chesham, where he died July 6, 1960.
- Lewis Carroll is supposed to have based his "Mad Hatter" character from Alice in Wonderland on Roger Crab, who lived in what is now The Drawingroom Art Gallery and Restaurant, in Francis Yard.
- Andrew Davis b.1944 is British Conductor who was born in nearby Asheridge and grew up in the town.
- Stephen Fry spent part of his childhood in Chesham, attending Chesham Prep School as detailed in his autobiography Moab is my Washpot. He lived in Stanley Avenue.
- Thomas Harding, 16th-century English religious dissident. He was from Chesham and was executed as a Lollard in 1532. He fought for the right to read the scriptures in English. He was accused of heresy and interrogated in Chesham parish church. He was found guilty and was burnt at the stake in 1532, at Chesham in the Pell, near Botley.
- Charles Townsend Harrison art historian and critic was born in Chesham in 1942.
- Mary Ingham, author was born in the town in 1947.
- D. H. Lawrence, (1885–1930) the novelist and poet, rented a cottage at Bellingdon near Chesham, while he was working on The Rainbow from 1914-1915.
- Arthur Lasenby Liberty, founder of the famous Liberty store in London, lived in a house next to the George & Dragon in the High Street.
- William Lowndes (1652–1724) British Politician and Secretary to the Treasury who built and lived at Bury House as did many of his relatives and descendants
- Margaret Mee, (1909–1988) born in the town and attended Dr Challoner's Grammar School, Amersham. Studied art, and with her husband, Greville Mee moved to Brazil where she taught art and became a renowned botanical artist, particularly the flora of the Amazon rainforest.
- Earl Mountbatten of Burma used to stay, as a child, with his family for summer holidays in Germains House in Fullers Hill.
- Arthur T. F. Reynolds (1909–2001) was born in the town and later became a Protestant missionary in China and Japan. He was the author or translator of a number of books.
- Milton Rosmer film actor, director and screenwriter was living in the town at the time of his death in 1971.
- Ghayasuddin Siddiqui, leading Islamic intellectual and community leader. Founder and director of the Muslim Institute and of the Muslim Parliament of Great Britain. Lives in Chesham. Dr Siddiqui is a leading Islamic intellectual and community leader.
- Francis Wilson, TV weatherman. Used to live in Chesham.
- Guy Siner who starred in 'Allo 'Allo! currently resides in Chesham.
- Captain Richard Spratly, namesake of Spratly Island and the Spratly Islands region, hailed from Chesham.
- Alex Horne, standup comedian currently lives in Chesham
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