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- Ray Chapman (1891–1920), American shortstop for the Cleveland baseball team
- Reuben Chapman (1799–1882), American lawyer and politician
- Rex Chapman (born 1967), American retired professional basketball player
- Richard Chapman (born 1620), English, the "Queen's Master Shipwright"
- Robert Chapman
- Robert Chapman (cricketer) (born 1972), English first-class cricketer in the 1990s
- Robert Chapman (Plymouth Brethren) (1803–1902), Danish pastor, teacher and evangelist
- Sir Robert Chapman, 1st Baronet (1880–1963), British soldier and Conservative Member of Parliament 1931–1935
- Robert Foster Chapman (born 1926), American U.S. court of appeals judge
- Robert Hett Chapman (1771–1833), American, president of the University of North Carolina
- Robert L. Chapman (1920–2002), American lexicographer
- Robert William Chapman (scholar)
- Robin Chapman, British actor and writer
- Roger Chapman
- Roger Chapman (born 1942), British rock singer
- Roger Chapman (golfer) (born 1959), English golfer
- Ronald Ivelaw-Chapman (1899–1978), British senior commander in the Royal Air Force, and Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Indian Air Force
- Roosevelt Chapman, American college basketball player and University of Dayton Hall of Famer
- Roy Chapman
- Roy Chapman (football manager) (1934–1983), English football player and manager
- Roy Chapman Andrews (1864–1960), American explorer, adventurer, naturalist and director of the American Museum of Natural History
- Ryan Chapman (born 1987), South African soccer player
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