Secretion and Effects of Waste Products
Cellular respiration takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria within cells. Depending on the pathways followed, the products are dealt with different ways.
CO2 is excreted from the cell via diffusion into the blood stream, where it binds with hemoglobin in red blood cells, is carried to the lungs, and exhaled.
H2O also diffuses out of the cell into the blood stream, from where it is excreted in the form of perspiration, water vapor in breath, or urine from the kidneys. Water, along with some dissolved solutes, are removed from blood circulation in the nephrons of the kidney and eventually excreted as urine.
The products of fermentation can be processed different ways, depending on the cellular conditions.
Lactic acid tends to accumulate in the muscles, which causes pain of the muscle and joint as well as fatigue. It also creates a gradient which induces water to flow out of cells and increases blood pressure. Research suggests that lactic acid may also play a role in lowering levels of potassium in the blood. It can also be converted back to pyruvate or converted back to glucose in the liver and fully metabolized by aerobic respiration.
Read more about this topic: Cellular Waste Product
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—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)