Catalan Personal Pronouns - Combinations of Weak Pronouns

Combinations of Weak Pronouns

When two weak pronouns appear with the same verb, they must appear in a fixed order, as illustrated in the following table:

3rd pers.
reflexive		 2nd pers. 1st pers. 3rd pers. adverbial
indirect obj. direct obj.
es et
us		 em
ens		 li
els		 el
la
els
les
ho		 en hi

The two pronouns must be selected from different columns, and furthermore ho cannot combine with en or hi.

All of the combinations allowed in the standard language are given in the following table, which also shows the necessary morpho-phonological and orthographic adjustments. In each cell of the table, the forms are listed in the following order, with the same contextual conditions as explained above for the simple pronouns:

  1. proclitic form used before a verb that begins with a vowel
  2. proclitic form used before a verb that begins with a consonant
  3. enclitic form used after a verb that ends with a vowel (except "u")
  4. enclitic form used after a verb that ends with a consonant (or "u")
HI EN HO EL LA ELS LES LI EM ET ENS US
ES s'hi
s'hi
-s'hi
-s'hi		 se n'
se'n
-se'n
-se'n		 s'ho
s'ho
-s'ho
-s'ho		 se l'
se'l
-se'l
-se'l		 se l'
se la
-se-la
-se-la		 se'ls
se'ls
-se'ls
-se'ls		 se les
se les
-se-les
-se-les		 se li
se li
-se-li
-se-li		 se m'
se'm
-se'm
-se'm		 se t'
se't
-se't
-se't		 se'ns
se'ns
-se'ns
-se'ns		 se us
se us
-se-us
-se-us
ET t'hi
t'hi
-t'hi
-t'hi		 te n'
te'n
-te'n
-te'n		 t'ho
t'ho
-t'ho
-t'ho		 te l'
te'l
-te'l
-te'l		 te l'
te la
-te-la
-te-la		 te'ls
te'ls
-te'ls
-te'ls		 te les
te les
-te-les
-te-les		 te li
te li
-te-li
-te-li		 te m'
te'm
-te'm
-te'm		 te'ns
te'ns
-te'ns
-te'ns
US us hi
us hi
-us-hi
-vos-hi		 us n'
us en
-us-en
-vos-en		 us ho
us ho
-us-ho
-vos-ho		 us l'
us el
-us-el
-vos-el		 us l'
us la
-us-la
-vos-la		 us els
us els
-us-els
-vos-els		 us les
us les
-us-les
-vos-les		 us li
us li
-us-li
-vos-li		 us m'
us em
-us-em
-vos-em		 us ens
us ens
-us-ens
-vos-ens
EM m'hi
m'hi
-m'hi
-m'hi		 me n'
me'n
-me'n
-me'n		 m'ho
m'ho
-m'ho
-m'ho		 me l'
me'l
-me'l
-me'l		 me l'
me la
-me-la
-me-la		 me'ls
me'ls
-me'ls
-me'ls		 me les
me les
-me-les
-me-les		 me li
me li
-me-li
-me-li
ENS ens hi
ens hi
'ns-hi
-nos-hi		 ens n'
ens en
'ns-en
-nos-en		 ens ho
ens ho
'ns-ho
-nos-ho		 ens l'
ens el
'ns-el
-nos-el		 ens l'
ens la
'ns-la
-nos-la		 ens els
ens els
'ns-els
-nos-els		 ens les
ens les
'ns-les
-nos-les		 ens li
ens li
'ns-li
-nos-li
LI li hi
li hi
-li-hi
-li-hi		 li n'
li'n
-li'n
-li'n		 li ho
li ho
-li-ho
-li-ho		 li l'
li'l
-li'l
-li'l		 li l'
li la
-li-la
-li-la		 li'ls
li'ls
-li'ls
-li'ls		 li les
li les
-li-les
-li-les
ELS
ind. obj.		 els hi
els hi
'ls-hi
-los-hi		 els n'
els en
'ls-en
-los-en		 els ho
els ho
'ls-ho
-los-ho		 els l'
els el
'ls-el
-los-el		 els l'
els la
'ls-la
-los-la		 els els
els els
'ls-els
-los-els		 els les
els les
'ls-les
-los-les
EL l'hi
l'hi
-l'hi
-l'hi		 el n'
l'en
-l'en
-l'en
LA la hi
la hi
-la-hi
-la-hi		 la n'
la'n
-la'n
-la'n
ELS
dir. obj.		 els hi
els hi
'ls-hi
-los-hi		 els n'
els en
'ls-en
-los-en
LES les hi
les hi
-les-hi
-les-hi		 les n'
les en
-les-en
-les-en
EN n'hi
n'hi
-n'hi
-n'hi

In combinations like es + en, the resulting form, pronounced, could be analyzed either as s' + en or as se + 'n. The orthographic convention in such cases is to place the apostrophe as far to the right as possible: "se'n", and not "s'en", and similarly for "se'ls", "me'n", "te'm", "te'ns", etc. The combination of el/la with en, however, is written "l'en", because there is no form le that would justify the spelling "le'n".

Read more about this topic:  Catalan Personal Pronouns

Famous quotes containing the words combinations of, combinations, weak and/or pronouns:

    “You should try to understand every thing you see and hear; to act and judge for yourselves; to remember you each have a soul of your own to account for; M a mind of your own to improve. When you once get these ideas fixed, and learn to act upon them, no man or set of men, no laws, customs, or combinations of them can seriously oppress you.”
    —Jane Grey Swisshelm (1815–1884)

    “One way to think about play, is as the process of finding new combinations for known things—combinations that may yield new forms of expression, new inventions, new discoveries, and new solutions....It’s exactly what children’s play seems to be about and explains why so many people have come to think that children’s play is so important a part of childhood—and beyond.”
    —Fred Rogers (20th century)

    “Here’s that which is too weak to be a sinner,
    Honest water, which ne’er left man i’ th’ mire.”
    —William Shakespeare (1564–1616)

    “In the meantime no sense in bickering about pronouns and other parts of blather.”
    —Samuel Beckett (1906–1989)