Biography
He worked as an actor and theatre director in Germany from 1915 to 1927, directing Brecht's In The Jungle of Cities in Darmstadt in 1927. Between 1935 and 1944 he acted as the director of the newly founded state conservatory for theatre and opera in Ankara, Turkey, leading to the foundation of Turkish State Opera and Ballet. Between 1934 and 1939 he produced the famous series of Mozart opera productions, and Verdi's Macbeth with Fritz Busch at Glyndebourne, England. He also directed during that period performances of Falstaff (Verdi) with the great Baritone, Mariano Stabile in that role, and produced Rigoletto with Marko Rothmuller, both at the Music, Art & Drama Opera Seasons at the Cambridge Theatre, under the Impressario, Jay Pomeroy. He was a professor and head of the opera school at the University of Southern California from 1948 to 1954. From 1954 to 1961, he served as the general administrator of Deutsche Oper Berlin, then called Städtische Oper, in Berlin.
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