Modeling Optical Systems As Mathematical Transformations
In geometrical optics for each ray entering an optical system a single, unique, ray exits. In mathematical terms, the optical system simply performs a transformation mapping any object ray to an image ray. The object ray and its associated image ray are called conjugates; one can say that the image ray is conjugate to its corresponding object ray or vice versa. This term also applies to corresponding pairs of object and image points and planes.
Read more about this topic: Cardinal Point (optics)
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