Treatment
There are several treatment options for penile cancer, depending on staging. They include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapy. The most common treatment is one of five types of surgery:
- Wide local excision - The tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue are removed
- Microsurgery - Surgery performed with a microscope is used to remove the tumor and as little healthy tissue as possible
- Laser surgery - laser light is used to burn or cut away cancerous cells
- Circumcision - cancerous foreskin is removed
- Amputation (penectomy) - a partial or total removal of the penis, and possibly the associated lymph nodes.
Radiation therapy is usually used adjuvantly with surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. With earlier stages of penile cancer, a combination of topical chemotherapy and less invasive surgery may be used. More advanced stages of penile cancer usually require a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. In addition to all the above, treatment of the underlying disease like Brucellosis, is important to limit disease recurrence.
Read more about this topic: Carcinoma Of The Penis
Famous quotes containing the word treatment:
“Our treatment of both older people and children reflects the value we place on independence and autonomy. We do our best to make our children independent from birth. We leave them all alone in rooms with the lights out and tell them, “Go to sleep by yourselves.” And the old people we respect most are the ones who will fight for their independence, who would sooner starve to death than ask for help.”
—Margaret Mead (1901–1978)
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—William Burroughs (b. 1914)
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—C. John Sommerville (20th century)