Design and Development
The original design by Socrates H. Capelis was issued U.S. patent #1,745,600 in 1930. The patent comprised a modified application with a half-span dorsal wing mounted rearward, and on top of the cabin with two additional engines mounted on the wings. The project was funded by local Greek restaurateurs as a promotional aircraft, and constructed with help from University of California students.
A less radical design by Dr. John E. Younger featured all-metal construction, and was built as an all-metal low-wing, retractable gear twin engine airliner with a triple vertical stabilizer supporting a dual (biplane arrangement) horizontal stabilizer. The wing used a large box-spar construction with corrugated skin panels. The partly retracting gear, extended automatically when the throttle was closed.
Following a 1938 incident, the XC-12 was modified at Glendale, California. The forward slanting eight-piece windshield was modified to a four piece that slanted rearward, and the passenger windows were squared off to look more like a Douglas DC-3.
Read more about this topic: Capelis XC-12
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“To nourish children and raise them against odds is in any time, any place, more valuable than to fix bolts in cars or design nuclear weapons.”
—Marilyn French (20th century)
“The experience of a sense of guilt for wrong-doing is necessary for the development of self-control. The guilt feelings will later serve as a warning signal which the child can produce himself when an impulse to repeat the naughty act comes over him. When the child can produce his on warning signals, independent of the actual presence of the adult, he is on the way to developing a conscience.”
—Selma H. Fraiberg (20th century)