Toxicity
Mild CCB toxicity is treated with supportive care. Non-dihydropyridine CCB may produce profound toxicity and early decontamination, especially for slow release agents, is essential. Caution should be taken when using verapamil with a Beta blocker due to the risk of severe bradycardia. Treatment involves intravenous calcium, atropine, fluids, insulin and inotropes. Insulin is required because at high doses CCB block the effect of insulin. If unsuccessful ventricular pacing should be used.
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