Caisson (French for "box") may refer to:
- Caisson (western architecture), a type of coffer
- Caisson (Asian architecture), a spider web ceiling
- Caisson (engineering), a sealed underwater structure
- Limbers and caissons, a two-wheeled cart carrying ammunition
- Caisson lock, a type of canal lock
- Deep foundation, also called a caisson foundation
- Person
- Caisson (pen name), of Edward Sperling
- Medicine
- Caisson disease, or decompression sickness