C Mathematical Functions - Overview of Functions

Overview of Functions

Most of the mathematical functions are placed in math.h header (cmath header in C++). The functions that operate on integers, such as abs, labs, div, and ldiv, are instead specified in the stdlib.h header (cstdlib header in C++).

Any functions that operate on angles use radians as the unit of angle.

Not all functions are available in C89 version of the C standard. For those that are, the functions accept only type double for the floating-point arguments. In C99, this limitation was fixed by introducing new sets of functions that work on float and long double arguments. Those functions are identified by f and l suffixes respectively.

	Function	Description
	`abs` `labs` `llabs`	computes absolute value of an integer value
	`fabs`	computes absolute value of a floating point value
	`div` `ldiv` `lldiv`	computes the quotient and remainder of integer division
	`fmod`	remainder of the floating point division operation
	`remainder`	signed remainder of the division operation
	`remquo`	signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation
	`fma`	fused multiply-add operation
	`fmax`	larger of two floating point values
	`fmin`	smaller of two floating point values
	`fdim`	positive difference of two floating point values
	`nan` `nanf` `nanl`	returns a not-a-number (NaN)
Exponential functions	`exp`	returns e raised to the given power
	`exp2`	returns 2 raised to the given power
	`expm1`	returns e raised to the given power, minus one
	`log`	computes natural (base e) logarithm (to base e)
	`log2`	computes common (base 2) logarithm
	`log10`	computes common (base 10) logarithm
	`log1p`	computes natural logarithm (to base e) of 1 plus the given number
	`ilogb`	extracts exponent of the number
	`logb`	extracts exponent of the number
Power functions	`sqrt`	computes square root
	`cbrt`	computes cubic root
	`hypot`	computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers
	`pow`	raises a number to the given power
Trigonometric functions	`sin`	computes sine
	`cos`	computes cosine
	`tan`	computes tangent
	`asin`	computes arc sine
	`acos`	computes arc cosine
	`atan`	computes arc tangent
	`atan2`	computes arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants
Hyperbolic functions	`sinh`	computes hyperbolic sine
	`cosh`	computes hyperbolic cosine
	`tanh`	computes hyperbolic tangent
	`asinh`	computes hyperbolic arc sine
	`acosh`	computes hyperbolic arc cosine
	`atanh`	computes hyperbolic arc tangent
Error and gamma functions	`erf`	computes error function
	`erfc`	computes complementary error function
	`lgamma`	computes natural logarithm of the gamma function
	`tgamma`	computes gamma function
Nearest integer floating point operations	`ceil`	returns the nearest integer not less than the given value
	`floor`	returns the nearest integer not greater than the given value
	`trunc`	returns the nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value
	`round` `lround` `llround`	returns the nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases
	`nearbyint`	returns the nearest integer using current rounding mode
	`rint` `lrint` `llrint`	returns the nearest integer using current rounding mode with exception if the result differs
Floating point manipulation functions	`frexp`	decomposes a number into significand and a power of 2
	`ldexp`	multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power
	`modf`	decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts
	`scalbn` `scalbln`	multiplies a number by FLT_RADIX raised to a power
	`nextafter` `nexttoward`	returns next representable floating point value towards the given value
	`copysign`	copies the sign of a floating point value
Classification	`fpclassify`	categorizes the given floating point value
	`isfinite`	checks if the given number has finite value
	`isinf`	checks if the given number is infinite
	`isnan`	checks if the given number is NaN
	`isnormal`	checks if the given number is normal
	`signbit`	checks if the given number is negative

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“Empirical science is apt to cloud the sight, and, by the very knowledge of functions and processes, to bereave the student of the manly contemplation of the whole.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)