Union of The Crowns and Commonwealth
| The Union of the Crowns places England, Ireland and Scotland under one monarch | ||
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1603–1649 | James VI, King of Scots inherited the English and Irish thrones in 1603 (Union of the Crowns), and quartered the Royal Arms of England with those of Scotland. For the first time, the Royal Coat of Arms of Ireland was added to represent the Kingdom of Ireland. (The Scottish version differs in giving the Scottish elements more precedence.) |
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1649–1654 | English Interregnum
These novel arms, already in use by parliamentarians in 1648, were adopted by the Commonwealth of England established in 1649. |
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1654–1655 |
The Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (the Protectorate) was created in 1653. St Andrew's Cross was added to the arms in 1654. |
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1655–1660 |
The Great Seal struck in 1655 displayed new Arms of the Commonwealth, including the personal arms Oliver Cromwell on a shield in the centre. Blazon: Quarterly 1 and 4 Argent a Cross Gules (England) 2 Azure a Saltire Argent (Scotland) and 3 Azure a Harp Or Stringed Argent (Ireland) on an Inescutcheon Sable a Lion Rampant Argent (Cromwell's arms). The supporters were a crowned lion of England and a red dragon of Wales. The Scottish unicorn was removed, as it was associated with the Stewart Monarchy. The motto read PAX QUÆRITUR BELLO ("peace is obtained through war"). |
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Charles II restored the Royal Arms following the restoration after the civil wars. | |
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1689–1694 | King James II & VII is deposed and replaced with his daughter Mary and her husband, William, Prince of Orange ruling jointly as William III & II and Mary II. As King and Queen Regnant they impaled their arms: William bore the Royal Arms with an escutcheon of Nassau (the royal house to which William belonged) added (a golden lion rampant on a blue field), while Mary bore the Royal Arms undifferenced. |
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1694–1702 | After the death of Mary II, William III reigned alone, and used his arms only. |
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1702–1707 | Queen Anne inherited the throne upon the death of King William III & II, and the Royal Arms returned to the 1603 version. |
Read more about this topic: British Coat Of Arms, History
Famous quotes containing the words union of the, union of, union, crowns and/or commonwealth:
“The best philosophical attitude to adopt towards the world is a union of the sarcasm of gaiety with the indulgence of contempt.”
—Sébastien-Roch Nicolas De Chamfort (1741–1794)
“Union of the weakest develops strength
Not wisdom. Can all men, together, avenge
One of the leaves that have fallen in autumn?
But the wise man avenges by building his city in snow.”
—Wallace Stevens (1879–1955)
“Some are petitioning the State to dissolve the Union, to disregard the requisitions of the President. Why do they not dissolve it themselves,—the union between themselves and the State,—and refuse to pay their quota into its treasury? Do not they stand in the same relation to the State that the State does to the Union? And have not the same reasons prevented the State from resisting the Union which have prevented them from resisting the State?”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“Possession, it is true, crowns exertion with rest; but it is only in the illusions of fancy that it has power to charm us.”
—Karl Wilhelm Von Humboldt (1767–1835)
“By this unprincipled facility of changing the state as often, and as much, and in as many ways as there are floating fancies or fashions, the whole chain and continuity of the commonwealth would be broken. No one generation could link with the other. Men would become little better than the flies of a summer.”
—Edmund Burke (1729–1797)