Origins
The standard model of the human breast is largely based on anatomical dissections carried out on cadavers by Astley Cooper and published in 1840 under the title “Anatomy of the Breast”.
This model is based on wax casts and dissections prepared by Cooper. The casting procedure introduced several artefacts. The injection of coloured wax into milk duct openings at the nipple inflated those ducts, giving the impression that near the nipple they expand into milk storage sacs called lactiferous sinuses. Also, in order to illustrate the milk ducts, Cooper – who had likened them to the intertwined roots of a tree – laid them out in an ordered manner for the artist to draw. This ordered lay-out has been copied into anatomy diagrams ever since.
Until 2005, Cooper's results had never been corroborated by modern investigative methods. Consequently, Cooper's model still underlies most practitioners understanding of the lactating human breast.
Read more about this topic: Breast Anatomy
Famous quotes containing the word origins:
“The origins of clothing are not practical. They are mystical and erotic. The primitive man in the wolf-pelt was not keeping dry; he was saying: “Look what I killed. Aren’t I the best?””
—Katharine Hamnett (b. 1948)
“Compare the history of the novel to that of rock ‘n’ roll. Both started out a minority taste, became a mass taste, and then splintered into several subgenres. Both have been the typical cultural expressions of classes and epochs. Both started out aggressively fighting for their share of attention, novels attacking the drama, the tract, and the poem, rock attacking jazz and pop and rolling over classical music.”
—W. T. Lhamon, U.S. educator, critic. “Material Differences,” Deliberate Speed: The Origins of a Cultural Style in the American 1950s, Smithsonian (1990)
“The settlement of America had its origins in the unsettlement of Europe. America came into existence when the European was already so distant from the ancient ideas and ways of his birthplace that the whole span of the Atlantic did not widen the gulf.”
—Lewis Mumford (1895–1990)