Causes of Brake Fade
The reduction of friction termed brake fade is caused when the temperature reaches the "kneepoint" on the temperature-friction curve. In this form of fade, the brake pedal feels firm but there is reduced stopping ability. Fade can also be caused by the brake fluid boiling, with attendant release of compressible gases. In this type of fade, the brake pedal feels "spongy". This condition is worsened when there are contaminants in the fluid, such as water, which most types of brake fluids are prone to absorbing to varying degrees. For this reason brake fluid replacement is standard maintenance.
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“And fade into the light of common day.”
—William Wordsworth (1770–1850)