Formal Definition
Formally the boundary values can be defined as below:- Let the set of the test vectors be . Let's assume that there is an ordering relation defined over them, as . Let be two equivalent classes. Assume that test vector and . If or then the classes are in neighbourhood (mathematics) and the values are boundary values.
In vanilla English then, values on the minimum and maximum edges of an equivalence partition are tested. The values could be input or output ranges of a software component, can also be the internal implementation. Since these boundaries are common locations for errors that result in software faults they are frequently exercised in test cases.
Read more about this topic: Boundary-value Analysis
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