Antitumor Activity
In 1995, betulinic acid was reported as a selective inhibitor of human melanoma. Then it was demonstrated to induce apoptosis in human melanoma in vitro and in vivo in model systems. Currently, it is undergoing development with assistance from the Rapid Access to Intervention Development program of the National Cancer Institute. Also, betulinic acid was found active against neuroectodermal (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma) and malignant brain tumors, ovarian carcinoma, in human leukemia HL-60 cells, and malignant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma SCC25 and SCC9 cell lines. In contrast, epithelial tumors, such as breast, colon, small cell lung and renal cell carcinomas, as well as T-cell leukemia cells, were completely unresponsive to treatment with betulinic acid.
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“... the will always wills to do something and thus implicitly holds in contempt sheer thinking, whose whole activity depends on “doing nothing.””
—Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)