Japanese Attempts At Revival
The Japanese had poor relations with the new KMT single-party state in Nanjing. When the Japanese created the separatist Manchukuo in 1932, the new puppet state used Beiyang symbolism. These were followed by Mengjiang, the Provisional Government, and the Reformed Government; which all used Beiyang symbols. When the high ranking Nationalist Wang Jingwei defected to the Japanese, he was put in charge of the Reorganized Government in 1940. Wang insisted upon adopting Nationalist symbols to create a parallel rival government against the KMT government in Chongqing instead of reviving the Beiyang government. Both Wang's government and Chongqing's used near identical symbols and claimed their continuity from Sun Yatsen's rather than Yuan Shikai's regime.
Read more about this topic: Beiyang Government
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