Complexity
Bead sort can be implemented with three general levels of complexity, among others:
- O(1): The beads are all moved simultaneously in the same time unit, as would be the case with the simple physical example above. This is an abstract complexity, and cannot be implemented in practice.
- O: In a realistic physical model that uses gravity, the time it takes to let the beads fall is proportional to the square root of the maximum height, which is proportional to n.
- O(n): The beads are moved one row at a time. This is the case used in the analog and digital hardware solutions.
- O(S), where S is the sum of the integers in the input set: Each bead is moved individually. This is the case when bead sort is implemented without a mechanism to assist in finding empty spaces below the beads, such as in software implementations.
Like the Pigeonhole sort, bead sort is unusual in that it can perform faster than O(nlogn), the fastest performance possible for a comparison sort. This is possible because the key for a bead sort is always a positive integer and bead sort exploits its structure.
Read more about this topic: Bead Sort
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