Drugs, Ions and Conditions That Have A Positive Bathmotropic Effect
- Hypocalcemia - calcium blocks sodium channels which prevents depolarization, so decreases in calcium allow increased sodium passage and which lowers the threshold for depolarization.
- Mild to moderate hyperkalemia - causes a partial depolarization of the resting membrane potential
- Norepinephrine and sympathetic stimulation in general - raises the resting membrane potential
- Digitalis - Converts the normal Purkinje action potential of heart muscle to the automaticity type, which increases myocardial irritability
- Adrenaline - effects are similar to sympathetic stimulation
- Mild hypoxia - causes a partial depolarization of the muscle membrane
- Ischaemia - causes a partial depolarization of the muscle membrane
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