The Balymer complex is an archaeological complex near the village of Balymer, Spassky District, Tatarstan, Russia. The former trade emporium on the Volga trade route covers an area of 4 km². It was first explored in 1870 by A. I. Stoyanov.
The settlement, graves and tumuli belonged to the Volga Bulgars, to the Vikings (Rūsiyyah) in the 9th-10th centuries, and to the Golden Horde nomads in the 13th-14th centuries. It is believed that it was at Balymer that Ibn Fadlan witnessed the funeral of one of the Rus' chieftains (a ship burial involving human sacrifice). There is also ample evidence of the Ananyino and Imenkovo cultures, i.e. Finno-Ugric peoples.
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“Instead of seeing society as a collection of clearly defined “interest groups,” society must be reconceptualized as a complex network of groups of interacting individuals whose membership and communication patterns are seldom confined to one such group alone.”
—Diana Crane (b. 1933)