The Balymer complex is an archaeological complex near the village of Balymer, Spassky District, Tatarstan, Russia. The former trade emporium on the Volga trade route covers an area of 4 km². It was first explored in 1870 by A. I. Stoyanov.
The settlement, graves and tumuli belonged to the Volga Bulgars, to the Vikings (Rūsiyyah) in the 9th-10th centuries, and to the Golden Horde nomads in the 13th-14th centuries. It is believed that it was at Balymer that Ibn Fadlan witnessed the funeral of one of the Rus' chieftains (a ship burial involving human sacrifice). There is also ample evidence of the Ananyino and Imenkovo cultures, i.e. Finno-Ugric peoples.
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“In the case of all other sciences, arts, skills, and crafts, everyone is convinced that a complex and laborious programme of learning and practice is necessary for competence. Yet when it comes to philosophy, there seems to be a currently prevailing prejudice to the effect that, although not everyone who has eyes and fingers, and is given leather and last, is at once in a position to make shoes, everyone nevertheless immediately understands how to philosophize.”
—Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)