Baden 9 Kreuzer Error - Four Copies

Four Copies

The error is one of the greatest philatelic rarities in the world. The 9 Kreuzer error was not discovered until 44 years after the stamp was issued. Two letters initially were in the collection of Baron von Türckheim.

1. The first copy was cancelled on July 20, 1851 in Orschweier; von Türckheim sold this letter to the German Reichspostmuseum. Today, it is one of the key items on display in Berlin's Museum of Post and Communication.
2. The second copy was cancelled on August 25, 1851 in Ettenheim. This letter found its way into the collection of Philipp von Ferrary, whose collection was auctioned off in the 1920s. It was bought by Alfred Maier and afterwards it was sold through Edward Stern of Economist Stamp Company to Alfred Caspary. In 1956, it was bought by John R. Boker, who sold it in 1985 for the enormous price of 2,645,000 DM, which at that time was the highest price ever paid for a single stamp.
3. The third copy is on a piece and was cancelled in Aachern. In 1908 it was auctioned by Gilbert & Koch; in 1919 it was sold to Theodore Champion, a Parisian stamp dealer.
4. The only unused copy, with nearly full original gum, appeared in 1919 for the first time, when it was sold in Berlin to Carl Julius Trübsbach from Chemnitz. It is believed that the colour was lightened as the result of heat damage during World War II. After the war Trübsbach sold it to a German dealer. In 1991 it was first auctioned by David Feldman and in 1997 it was auctioned again and was sold for 603,750 US$. On April 3, 2008 it was again auctioned by David Feldman for €1,314,500.

The usual explanation for the occurrence of this error is that the printing plate was used invertedly. However, this theory cannot be correct because the stamp was produced in a single printing. It must be assumed that the printer had unintentionally used the wrong plate for the green paper: instead of a "9" he had read a "6".