Backbone may refer to:
- Vertebral column, of a vertebrate organism
- Backbone chain, in polymer chemistry, the framework of the molecule
- Backbone Entertainment, a video game development company
- Backbone network, the top level of a hierarchical network
- Internet backbone, refers to the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected networks and core routers in the Internet
- Backbone.js, a JavaScript library used to build applications
- European backbone, or "Blue Banana", a geographic corridor of urbanisation in Western Europe
- Backbone State Park, oldest state park in Iowa
- Backbone (film), a 1975 film
- Backbone, a rock band led by former Grateful Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann
- Backbone (Backbone album), 1998
- Backbone (Boney James album), 1993
- Backbone (magazine)
- Backbone (rapper), member of the Dungeon Family
- Backbone, Virginia