In the Philippines, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is the only autonomous region; as such it is the sole region with a regional government as prescribed by the Constitution of the Philippines. In 2001, Republic Act No. 9054 was passed for the expansion of the ARMM to include the areas which initially rejected inclusion and the provinces which were carved from them, however only Marawi City and Basilan with the exception of Isabela City opted to be integrated in the region.
A special plebiscite was set on August 14, 2001.
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