Hardpoints
The hardpoints control the static settings and the kinematics of the suspension.
The static settings are
- Toe
- Camber
- Caster
- Roll center height at design load
- Mechanical (or caster) trail
- Anti-dive and anti-squat
- Kingpin Inclination
- Scrub radius
- Spring and shock absorber motion ratios
The kinematics describe how important characteristics change as the suspension moves, typically in roll or steer. They include
- Bump Steer
- Roll Steer
- Tractive Force Steer
- Brake Force Steer
- Camber gain in roll
- Caster gain in roll
- Roll centre height gain
- Ackermann change with steering angle
- Track gain in roll
The analysis for these parameters can be done graphically, or by CAD, or by the use of kinematics software.
Read more about this topic: Automotive Suspension Design