Composition
The circle was made up of the following states:
| Name | Type of entity | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| An der Etsch | Bailiwick | Established about 1260, an administrative grouping of lands held by the Teutonic Knights in Tyrol |
| Austria | Archduchy | March of Austria established in 976 by Emperor Otto II, raised to duchy by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1156, to Habsburg in 1278, self-bestowed "Archduchy" since 1358 |
| Austria | Bailiwick | An administrative grouping of lands held by the Teutonic Order in Austria |
| Brixen | Prince-Bishopric | Established in 1027 by Emperor Conrad II, Prince-Bishopric since 1179 |
| Carinthia | Duchy | Established in 976 by Emperor Otto II, held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1457, part of Inner Austria 1564–1619 |
| Carniola | Duchy | March of Carniola established in 1040 by Emperor Henry III, raised to duchy in 1364, held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1457, part of Inner Austria 1564–1619 |
| Chur | Prince-Bishopric | Established in the 4th century, prince-bishopric since 1170, territory held by the League of God's House since 1367 |
| Gorizia | County | Separated from the Patriarchate of Aquileia about 1127, held by the Archdukes of Austria from 1500, part of Inner Austria 1564-1619, merged into Gorizia and Gradisca in 1747 |
| Istria | March | Established in 1040 by Emperor Henry III, major part to Venice in 1291, remaining territory around Pazin (Mitterburg) to Gorizia, held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1374 |
| Styria | Duchy | March of Styria established about 970 by Emperor Otto I, raised to a duchy in 1180, held by the Dukes of Austria since 1192, part of Inner Austria 1564-1619 |
| Swabian Austria | Landgraviate | The remaining Habsburg home territories in Swabia since 1386, including Breisgau, Burgau, Sundgau (until 1648) and parts of Vorarlberg, held by the Archdukes of Austria |
| Tarasp | Lordship | Held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1464 |
| Trent | Prince-Bishopric | Established in 1027 by Emperor Conrad II |
| Trieste | City | Held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1382 |
| Tyrol | County | Established about 1140, held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1363, raised to "Princely County" in 1504, to Further Austria 1564-1665 |
Read more about this topic: Austrian Circle
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—François, Duc De La Rochefoucauld (1613–1680)
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“Give a scientist a problem and he will probably provide a solution; historians and sociologists, by contrast, can offer only opinions. Ask a dozen chemists the composition of an organic compound such as methane, and within a short time all twelve will have come up with the same solution of CH4. Ask, however, a dozen economists or sociologists to provide policies to reduce unemployment or the level of crime and twelve widely differing opinions are likely to be offered.”
—Derek Gjertsen, British scientist, author. Science and Philosophy: Past and Present, ch. 3, Penguin (1989)