ATS Theorem - History of The Problem

History of The Problem

In some fields of mathematics and mathematical physics, sums of the form

$S = \sum_{a<k\le b} \varphi(k)e^{2\pi i f(k)} \ \ \ (1)$

are under study.

Here and are real valued functions of a real argument, and Such sums appear, for example, in number theory in the analysis of the Riemann zeta function, in the solution of problems connected with integer points in the domains on plane and in space, in the study of the Fourier series, and in the solution of such differential equations as the wave equation, the potential equation, the heat conductivity equation.

The problem of approximation of the series (1) by a suitable function was studied already by Euler and Poisson.

We shall define the length of the sum to be the number (for the integers and this is the number of the summands in ).

Under certain conditions on and the sum can be substituted with good accuracy by another sum

$S_1 = \sum_{\alpha<k\le \beta} \Phi(k)e^{2\pi i F(k)}, \ \ \ (2)$

where the length is far less than

First relations of the form

$S = S_1 + R, \ \ \ (3)$

where are the sums (1) and (2) respectively, is a remainder term, with concrete functions and were obtained by G. H. Hardy and J. E. Littlewood, when they deduced approximate functional equation for the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ and by I. M. Vinogradov, in the study of the amounts of integer points in the domains on plane. In general form the theorem was proved by J. Van der Corput, (on the recent results connected with the Van der Corput theorem one can read at ).

In every one of the above-mentioned works, some restrictions on the functions and were imposed. With convenient (for applications) restrictions on and the theorem was proved by A. A. Karatsuba in (see also,).

Famous quotes containing the words history of the, history of, history and/or problem:

“Tell me of the height of the mountains of the moon, or of the diameter of space, and I may believe you, but of the secret history of the Almighty, and I shall pronounce thee mad.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

“So in accepting the leading of the sentiments, it is not what we believe concerning the immortality of the soul, or the like, but the universal impulse to believe, that is the material circumstance, and is the principal fact in this history of the globe.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)

“Three million of such stones would be needed before the work was done. Three million stones of an average weight of 5,000 pounds, every stone cut precisely to fit into its destined place in the great pyramid. From the quarries they pulled the stones across the desert to the banks of the Nile. Never in the history of the world had so great a task been performed. Their faith gave them strength, and their joy gave them song.”
—William Faulkner (1897–1962)

“What happened at Hiroshima was not only that a scientific breakthrough ... had occurred and that a great part of the population of a city had been burned to death, but that the problem of the relation of the triumphs of modern science to the human purposes of man had been explicitly defined.”
—Archibald MacLeish (1892–1982)