Astronautical hygiene is the application of science and technology to the recognition and evaluation of hazards, and the prevention or control of risks to health, while working in low-gravity environments.
Space medicine has developed as a science since 1948 when Dr. Hubertus Strughold predicted many of the medical problems of working in low gravity for example, neurovestibular disturbances, red blood cell changes. The discipline of astronautical hygiene includes such topics as the use and maintenance of life support systems, the risks of extravehicular activity, the risks of exposure to chemicals or radiation, the characterisation of hazards, human factor issues and the development of risk management strategies. Astronautical hygiene works side by side with space medicine to ensure that astronauts will be healthy and safe when working in space. This is especially critical with the planned manned expeditions to the Moon and Mars.
Read more about Astronautical Hygiene: Overview, Hygiene in Space, Microbial Hazards in Space, Humans in Space, Hazards of Radiation in Space