The Marches
After the survivors were unloaded from they train cars, they were often sent on death marches with no destination. They would literally just wander in the desert until they died of starvation, thirst, or exhaustion. Along these marches, they would be attacked by killing squads allegedly hired by the government just to further inflict suffering on the Armenians.
Read more about this topic: Armenian Casualties Of Deportations, Deportation