History
The identity of the oldest Arabic grammarian is disputed: some sources state that it was ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʾAbī ʾIsḥāq (died AD 735/6, AH 117), while medieval sources say Abu-Aswad al-Du'ali established diacritical marks and vowels for Arabic in the mid-600s. The schools of Basra and Kufa further developed grammatical rules in the late 700s with the rapid rise of Islam.
Read more about this topic: Arabic Grammar
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“When the landscape buckles and jerks around, when a dust column of debris rises from the collapse of a block of buildings on bodies that could have been your own, when the staves of history fall awry and the barrel of time bursts apart, some turn to prayer, some to poetry: words in the memory, a stained book carried close to the body, the notebook scribbled by hand—a center of gravity.”
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