Special Letters
- ڤ and/or ۋ – Ve, used in Kurdish language when written in Arabic script to represent the sound /v/. Also used as pa in the Jawi script.
- پ – Pe, used to represent the phoneme /p/ in Persian, Urdu, and Kurdish.
- چ – Che, used to represent /t͡ʃ/ ("ch"). It is used in Persian, Urdu, and Kurdish.
- Ca in the Jawi script
- ژ – Že/zhe, used to represent the voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/ in, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu and Uyghur.
- ڭ – Ng, used to represent the phone in Ottoman Turkish, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uyghur.
- ݙ – used in Saraiki to represent a voiced retroflex implosive .
- ݐ – used to represent the equivalent of the Latin letter Ƴ (palatalized glottal stop ) in some African languages such as Fulfulde.
- ݫ – used in Ormuri to represent a voiced alveolo-palatal fricative, as well as in Torwali.
- ݭ – used in Kalami to represent a voiceless retroflex fricative, and in Ormuri to represent a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative.
- ݜ – used in Shina to represent a voiceless retroflex fricative .
- ݪ – used in Marwari to represent a retroflex lateral flap, and in Kalami to represent a voiceless lateral fricative .
- ٻ – B̤ē, used to represent a voiced bilabial implosive in Hausa, Sindhi and Saraiki.
- ٺ – Ṭhē, represents the aspirated voiceless retroflex plosive in Sindhi.
- ﮎ – Khē, represents in Sindhi.
- ﭦ – Ṭe, used to represent Ṭ (a voiceless retroflex plosive ) in Urdu.
- ڳ – represents a voiced velar implosive /ɠ/ in Sindhi and Saraiki
- ڱ – represents the Velar nasal /ŋ/ phoneme in Sindhi.
- ڻ – represents the retroflex nasal /ɳ/ phoneme in Sindhi.
- ݨ – used in Saraiki.
- ڀ – represents an aspirated voiced bilabial plosive in Sindhi.
- ھ – Hāʾ do chahmsi, represents an aspirated consonant in Urdu.
- ڑ – Aṛ, represents a retroflex flap in Urdu.
- ڕ – used in Kurdish to represent rr in Yekgirtú spelling.
- گ – Gaf, represents a voiced velar plosive in Persian, Urdu, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Kurdish, Uyghur, and Ottoman Turkish.
- ݢ or ڬ – Gaf, represents a voiced velar plosive in the Jawi script of Malay.
- ے – Bari ye, represents "ai" or "e" in Urdu and Punjabi.
- ێ – represents Ê or É in Kurdish.
- ۆ – represents O in Kurdish, and in Uyghur it represents the sound similar to the French eu andœu sound
- ۋ – represents a voiced labiodental fricative in Kyrgyz, Uyghur, and Old Tatar; and /w, ʊw, ʉw/ in Kazakh; also formerly used in Nogai.
- ڽ – Nya in the Jawi script.
- ڠ – Nga in the Jawi script.
- ۏ – Va in the Jawi script.
- ڈ – Ḍ in Urdu.
| Alphabet | #Chars | Languages | Region | Derived from | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic alphabet | 28 | Arabic | North Africa, West Asia | Abjad | |
| Arebica | 30 | Bosnian | Eastern Europe | Perso-Arabic | latest stage with full vowel marking |
| Arwi alphabet | Tamil | Southern India, Sri Lanka | |||
| Belarusian Arabic alphabet | Belarusian | Eastern Europe | 15th/16th century | ||
| Berber Arabic alphabet(s) | various Berber languages | North Africa | |||
| Chagatai alphabet(s) | Chagatai | Central Asia | Perso-Arabic | ||
| Jawi script | 40 | Malay and others | Malaysia | ||
| Kazakh Arabic alphabet | Kazakh | Central Asia, China | Perso-Arabic/Chagatai | since 11th century, now official only in China | |
| Khowar alphabet | Khowar | South Asia | |||
| Kyrgyz Arabic alphabet | Kyrgyz | Perso-Arabic | now official only in China | ||
| Nasta'liq script | Urdu and others | Perso-Arabic | |||
| Pashto alphabet | 45 | Pashto | Pakistan | Perso-Arabic | |
| Pegon alphabet | Javanese, Sundanese | Indonesia | |||
| Persian alphabet | Persian | ||||
| Saraiki alphabet | 42 | Saraiki | Pakistan | Perso-Arabic | |
| Shahmukhi script | Punjabi | Pakistan | Perso-Arabic | ||
| Sindhi alphabet | 52 | Sindhi | Pakistan | Perso-Arabic | |
| Sorabe alphabet | Malagasy | Madagascar | |||
| Soranî alphabet | 33 | Soranî | Vowels are mandatory, i.e. abugida | ||
| Swahili | |||||
| İske imlâ alphabet | Tatar | Perso-Arabic/Chagatai | 1920–1927 | ||
| Ottoman Turkish alphabet | Ottoman Turkish | Ottoman Empire | Perso-Arabic | Official until 1928 | |
| Uyghur Ereb Yëziqi | Uyghur | China, Central Asia | Perso-Arabic/Chagatai | Vowels are mandatory, i.e. abugida | |
| Wolofal script | Wolof | West Africa | |||
| Xiao'erjing | Sinitic languages | China, Central Asia | Perso-Arabic | ||
| Yaña imlâ alphabet | Tatar | Perso-Arabic/Chagatai | before 1920 |
Read more about this topic: Arabic Alphabets
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