Apical Ectodermal Ridge
Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER)
The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a structure that forms from the ectodermal cells at the distal end of each limb bud and acts as a major signaling center to ensure proper development of a limb. After the limb bud induces AER formation, the AER and limb mesenchyme – including the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) - continue to communicate with each other to direct further limb development.
Read more about Apical Ectodermal Ridge: Formation, Roles, Relationship Between Hox Gene Expression and Limb Patterning, Relevant Experiments, Relevant Molecules
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