Operations
The network had three types of stations: input/output stations (I/Os), receive-only stations (ROs), and relay nodes (RNs). I/O stations could send and receive messages. ROs only received messages transmitted through I/Os. Dispersed and unmanned RNs, would provide continuous relay links between I/Os and ROs. The I/Os and ROs would reside at locations with strategic military forces, and the RNs would be scattered throughout the country on government or privately leased land. Distance between the relay nodes were determined by the ground wave transmission wavelength, at intervals of approximately 150–200 miles.
In the GWEN system, originating stations send ultra high frequency (UHF) signals by broadcast towers for line-of-site receipt at Relay Nodes (RNs). The RNs transmit received messages via LF signals for ultimate receipt by receive-only terminals at existing military communication buildings. By using LF ground transmission, the GWEN system minimizes the potential effect of HEMP on military communications.
During initial operations, the towers would receive and relay brief test messages every 20 minutes. The system had built-in redundancy, using packet switching techniques for reconstruction of connectivity if system damage occurs.
Read more about this topic: AN/URC-117 Ground Wave Emergency Network
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