Influences On Gramsci's Thought
- Niccolò Machiavelli — 16th century Italian writer who greatly influenced Gramsci's theory of the state.
- Karl Marx — philosopher, historian, economist and founder of Marxism.
- Vladimir Lenin — founder of the Bolshevik Party and a leader of the Russian Revolution.
- Antonio Labriola — Italy's first notable Marxist theorist, believed Marxism's main feature was the nexus it established between history and philosophy.
- Georges Sorel — French syndicalist writer who rejected the inevitability of historical progress.
- Vilfredo Pareto — Italian economist and sociologist, known for his theory on mass and élite interaction.
- Henri Bergson — French philosopher.
- Benedetto Croce — Italian liberal, anti-Marxist and idealist philosopher whose thought Gramsci subjected to careful and thorough critique.
- Giovanni Gentile — Italian neo-Hegelian philosopher
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“The first in time and the first in importance of the influences upon the mind is that of nature. Every day, the sun; and after sunset, night and her stars. Ever the winds blow; ever the grass grows.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“I turn and turn in my cell like a fly that doesn’t know where to die.”
—Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937)
“It has come to be practically a sort of rule in literature, that a man, having once shown himself capable of original writing, is entitled thenceforth to steal from the writings of others at discretion. Thought is the property of him who can entertain it; and of him who can adequately place it. A certain awkwardness marks the use of borrowed thoughts; but, as soon as we have learned what to do with them, they become our own.”
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