Ukraine
Further information: History of the Jews in Ukraine and History of the Jews in the Soviet Union See also: Antisemitism in the Russian Empire, Antisemitism in the Soviet Union, and PogromThere have been Jews in Ukraine since the Greek colonies of the Black Sea coast had their Jewish traders. Anti-semitsism has existed since at least the time of the Rus Primary Chronicle.
Leaders of the Ukrainian nationalists of OUN (b) made antisemitic statements during World War II.
In Ukraine violence against Jews and antisemitic graffiti remains. Antisemitism has declined since Ukrainian independence in 1991.
Read more about this topic: Antisemitism In France, By Country