History
Aniline was first isolated by destructive distillation of indigo by Otto Unverdorben, who named it crystalline. In 1834, Friedlieb Runge isolated from coal tar a substance that turned a beautiful blue color when treated with chloride of lime, and he named it kyanol or cyanol. In 1841, C. J. Fritzsche treated indigo with caustic potash and obtained an oil that he named aniline, after an indigo-yielding plant, Añil (Indigofera suffruticosa). Around then, Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin reduced nitrobenzene and obtained a base that he named benzidam. In 1855, August Wilhelm von Hofmann showed these substances all the same—thereupon known as phenylamine or aniline.
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