Synthesis
Aminoacyl-tRNA (also known as charged tRNA) is produced in two steps; amino acid activation and transfer. The first step is the adenylation of the amino acid, which forms aminoacyl-AMP:
- Amino acid + ATP ↔ Aminoacyl-AMP + PPi
Then, the amino acid residue is transferred to the tRNA:
- Aminoacyl-AMP + tRNA ↔ Aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP
The net reaction is:
- Amino acid + ATP + tRNA ↔ Aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPi
The net reaction is only energetically favourable because the pyrophosphate is hydrolysed; that reaction is highly energetically favourable and drives the other reactions. All of these reactions take place inside the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase specific for that tRNA.
Read more about this topic: Aminoacyl-t RNA
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