Source of Surnames
The surnames were culled from many Philippine languages, including Tagalog, Ilokano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, and others. Spanish, however, provided the bulk of the surnames.
Many of the words from Philippine languages come from a wide variety of themes such as nature, vegetation, geography, and others.
Examples of surnames include Daquila (modern form/orthography:dakila; noble), Magsaysay (to tell), Balani (magnetism), Malaqui (malaki; big/from prophet Malachi), Dimatulac ('di matulak; can't be pushed), "Bathala" (: God), Panganiban (Tagalog: "an Instrument of, be possessed by ") Lagip (Ilokano: memory), Puti (white), Talong (eggplant), Maliuanag (maliwanag; bright), Mabanglo (Ilokano: fragrant), Tumacder (tumakder, Ilokano: to stand up), and Ycasiam (ikasiyam/ika-9; ninth).
Curiously, potentially offensive words were also included as surnames, including Gajasa (gahasa; rape, originally means "someone who rushed"), Bayot (Cebuano: effeminate, an adjective used by Spanish priests against native male religious leader Babaylan), Bacla (bakla; effeminate; male crossdresser), Otot (utot; flatulence), Tanga (stupid; daydreamer "anga-anga", Chinese ti-ang/ti-ng/to-ng), Limotin (limutin; forgetful/ to forget), Lubut (Cebuano: buttocks; Tagalog:Kulubut ), Tae (excrement), Ongoy (unggoy; monkey), Aso (dog, Chinese: A-So), Jalimao (halimaw; monster)and Yyac (iiyak; will cry).
Words and surnames derived from Spanish include De Guzman, Santos, Villafuerte, Lectura, Orlanda, Escondo, Escribano, Escritor, Evangelista, Villaroman, Javier, Guerrero, Loco, Bajo, Maestro, Buey, Orante, Palentinos, Rivera, Yncredulidad, Jurisprudencia and Hidalgo. Some surnames came from Spanish given names like Alonso, Fernando, Ignacio, Pascual, Salvador, Santiago. Surnames from Christianization include Cruz, de Dios, de Jesús, de los Santos, de los Reyes, Garcia, Isidro, Jose, Miguel, Resurreccion, Reyes, San Agustin, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Gabriel, Santa Barbara, Santo Domingo, and Santo Rosario. Place names may be in Spain or outside this. Those from Spain include Ávila, Arévalo, Alcántara, Alferez, Alcuizar, Bustamante, Cáceres, Carrillo, Galicia, Foz, Madrid, Santander, Tolosa, and España itself; from other countries or regions include Africa, America, Austria, Alemania (Germany), Belgica (Belgium), Benin, Brasil/Brazil, Olandes (modern orthography: holandés) (Netherlander) and Ysrael (modern orthography: Israel). Surnames from Philippine place names were also given by Spaniards and these include Bacolod, Basilan, and Davao.
Surnames from two different languages that are combined into one: Pe-Benito (Chinese+Spanish), Tactacan-tumpalan (Spanish+Tagalog), Zobel-Roxas (Spanish-Mexican).
Names from other languages include Chinese (Chua, Tan, Lim, Fang, Quinzon, Yi, Jonson, Hizon), Malay (Gadya, Janjalani), Indian(Laksamana, Gallora, Rama, Guro), Arabic (Sulayman, Muhamed), Persian (Khan), Japanese(Sato, Bon, Arai, Iwamoto), Cambodian/Vietnamese/Siamese (Ampil, Lomtong, Setakorn), Catalan (Ortells, Llop, Puig,Valles, Lletget) and Basque (Echevarria, Legazpi, Labadia, Peñarredondo.) There are even surnames from Latin (Rex, Veritas, Ambrosio), German (Ymbrecht, Otto, Rumpf), Italian (Aquino, Buffardessi, Calda, Conti, Parco, Castiglione, Tolentino), French (Lourdes, Nantes, Grenoble, Troyes) and English (James, Nelson, Doughman, Burton, Gray).
Read more about this topic: Alphabetical Catalog Of Surnames
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