Aleksandr or Alexander Petrov may refer to:
- Aleksandr Petrov (animator) (born 1957), Russian animator who has lived in Canada, famous for using paint-on-glass animation
- Alexander Petrov (chess player) (1794–1867), Russian chess master
- Alexander Petrov (figure skater) (born 1999), Russian figure skater
- Aleksandr Petrov (basketball), member of the silver-medal-winning Soviet Olympic basketball team in 1960 and 1964
- Aleksandr Petrov (footballer born 1893) (1893–1942), Russian international footballer
- Aleksandr Petrov (footballer born 1925) (1925–1972), Soviet international footballer
- Aleksandr Petrov (footballer born 1984), Russian footballer
- Aleksandr Petrov (footballer born 1988), Belarusian footballer
- Alexander Nikolayevich Petrov (born 1990), Russian footballer
- Aleksandr Sergeyevich Petrov (born 1992), Russian footballer
- Aleksandr Petrov (ice hockey) (born 1983), Estonian ice hockey player
- Aleksandr Petrov (wrestler) (1876–1941), Russian wrestler at the 1908 Olympic Greco-Roman super heavyweight competition
- Aleksandr Petrov (athlete) (born 1986), Russian athlete
- Alexander Petrov (hacker), Russian hacker
- Alexander G. Petrov (born 1948), Bulgarian professor in physics