History
Al-Ahsa has been inhabited since prehistoric times, due to its abundance of water.
899: Al-Ahsa comes under control of the Qarmatian leader, Al-Jannabi, and is declared independent from the Abbasids of Baghdad. The capital is Al-Mu'miniya (near modern Hofuf).
1000: Al-Ahsa is among the 10 largest cities on earth, with 110,000 inhabitants.
1077: The Qarmatian state of Al-Ahsa is overthrown by the Uyunids.
1238: Usfurid dynasty takes over the region of Al-Ahsa and Al-Qatif.
1383: Usfurids are overthrown by the Jarwanids.
1440: The Jabrids take over Al-Ahsa, Qatif, Bahrain, and Kish Island, and extend their influence to eastern Nejd.
1521: Jabrid kingdom falls to the Muntafiq tribe of southern Iraq, who rule Al-Ahsa on behalf of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans station their garrisons in the region.
1670: the Ottomans are expelled by the tribe of Banu Khalid, who make their capital in Al-Mubarraz.
1795: Conquered by Saudi troops during the formation of the First Saudi State.
1818: Reconquered by the Ottoman Empire by Ottoman Egyptian forces overthrowing the First Saudi State in the process and granting the local tribe of Banu Khalid self-rule.
1830: Comes under the control of the Second Saudi State.
1871: The Second Saudi Dynasty loses the region to the Ottoman Empire again; however, this time it is directly ruled from Bagdad instead of by tribe of Banu Khalid under self-rule has had been the case in the past during Ottoman ownerships.
1913: King Abdulaziz Al Saud conquers Al-Ahsa Oasis, annexing it into his Kingdom of Najd. (This is recognised in the Treaty of Sèvres signed in 1920 with the other official partitionings of the Ottoman Empire.)
1932: Al-Ahsa becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, under the King Abdulaziz.
1930s: Huge petroleum deposits are discovered near Dammam, resulting in rapid modernization for the region.
Early 1960s: The oil fields in Al-Ahsa reach the production level of 1 million barrels per day.
Read more about this topic: Al-Ahsa Governorate
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