Table of Rechargeable Battery Types
| Type | Voltagea | Energy densityb | Powerc | Effi.d | E/$e | Disch.f | Cyclesg | Lifeh | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (V) | (MJ/kg) | (Wh/kg) | (Wh/L) | (W/kg) | (%) | (Wh/$) | (%/month) | (#) | (years) | |
| Lead–acid | 2.1 | 0.11-0.14 | 30-40 | 60-75 | 180 | 70%-92% | 5-8 | 3%-4% | 500-800 | 5-8 (automotive battery), 20 (stationary) |
| Alkaline | 1.5 | 0.31 | 85 | 250 | 50 | -- | 7.7 | <0.3 | 100-1000 | <5 |
| Nickel–iron | 1.2 | 0.18 | 50 | 100 | 65% | 5-7.3 | 20%-40% | 50+ | ||
| Nickel–cadmium | 1.2 | 0.14-0.22 | 40-60 | 50-150 | 150 | 70%-90% | 1.25-2.5 | 20% | 1500 | |
| Nickel–hydrogen | 1.5 | 0.27 | 75 | 60 | 220 | 85% | 20,000+ | 15+ (satellite application with frequent charge-discharge cycles) | ||
| Nickel–metal hydride | 1.2 | 0.11-0.29 | 30-80 | 140-300 | 250-1000 | 66% | 2.75 | 30% | 500-1000 | |
| Nickel–zinc | 1.7 | 0.22 | 60 | 170 | 900 | 2-3.3 | 100-500 | |||
| Lithium-air (organic) | 2.7 | 7.2 | 2000 | 2000 | 400 | ~100 | ||||
| Lithium-ion | 3.6 | 0.58 | 150-250 | 250-360 | 1800 | 99%+ | 2.8-5 | 5%-10% | 1200-10000 | 2-6 |
| Lithium-ion polymer | 3.7 | 0.47-0.72 | 130-200 | 300 | 3000+ | 99.8% | 2.8-5.0 | 5% | 500~1000 | 2-3 |
| Lithium iron phosphate | 3.25 | 0.32-0.4 | 80-120 | 170 | 1400 | 93.5% | 0.7-3.0 | 2000+ | >10 | |
| Lithium sulfur | 2.0 | 0.94-1.44 | 400 | 350 | ~100 | |||||
| Lithium–titanate | 2.3 | 0.32 | 90 | 4000+ | 87-95%r | 0.5-1.0 | 9000+ | 20+ | ||
| Sodium-ion | 1.7 | 30 | 85% | 3.3 | 5000+ | Still testing | ||||
| Thin film lithium | ? | 350 | 959 | ? | ?p | 40000 | ||||
| Zinc bromide | 0.27-0.31 | 75-85 | ||||||||
| Vanadium redox | 1.15-1.55 | 0.09-0.13 | 25-35 | 80% | 20% | 14,000 | 10(stationary) | |||
| Sodium-sulfur | 0.54 | 150 | 89%-92% | |||||||
| Molten salt | 2.58 | 0.25-1.04 | 70-290 | 160 | 150-220 | 4.54 | 3000+ | <=20 | ||
| Silver-oxide | 1.86 | 0.47 | 130 | 240 | ||||||
- Notes
- a Nominal cell voltage in V.
- b Energy density = energy/weight or energy/size, given in three different units
- c Specific power = power/weight in W/kg
- d Charge/discharge efficiency in %
- e Energy/consumer price in W·h/US$ (approximately)
- f Self-discharge rate in %/month
- g Cycle durability in number of cycles
- h Time durability in years
- i VRLA or recombinant includes gel batteries and absorbed glass mats
- p Pilot production
- r Depending upon charge rate
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