Adult Life
Further information: First Anglo-Afghan WarAkbar Khan led a revolt in Kabul against the British Indian mission of William McNaughten, Alexander Burnes and their garrison of 4,500 men. In November 1841, he besieged Major-General William Elphinstone's force in Kabul.
Elphinstone accepted a safe-conduct for his force and about 12,000 camp followers to flee to neighboring India; they were ambushed and massacred in January 1842. It was claimed in at least one set of British war memoirs that, during the retreat, Akbar Khan could be heard alternately commanding his men, in Persian language to desist from, and in Pashto language to continue, firing.
Historians think it unlikely that Akbar Khan wished for the total annihilation of the British force. An astute man politically, he would have been aware that allowing the British to extricate themselves from Afghanistan would give him the time to consolidate his control of the diverse hill tribes; whereas a massacre of 16,500 people, of which only about a quarter were a fighting force, would not be tolerated back in London and would result in another, larger army sent to exact retribution. This was in fact what happened the following year.
In May 1842, Akbar Khan captured Bala Hissar in Kabul. Many believe that Akbar Khan was poisoned by his father, Dost Mohammed Khan, who feared his ambitions.
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