Africanus Fabius Maximus was the younger son of Quintus Fabius Maximus (consul 45BCE) and an unknown wife. Although commonly referred to as 'Africanus Fabius Maximus', it remains unclear whether that was his official name or whether it was 'Quintus Fabius Maximus Africanus'. His elder brother was Paullus Fabius Maximus (consul 11BCE) and his sister was Fabia Paullina, who married Marcus Titius.
It is believed that Africanus was named in honour of his natural great-great-great or great-great-great-great uncle Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus.
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