Modern Japanese
There is one type of adjectival noun in modern usage, with inflections as follows.
| Irrealis 未然形 |
Adverbial 連用形 |
Conclusive 終止形 |
Attributive 連体形 |
Hypothetical 仮定形 |
Imperative 命令形 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -daro | -daQ -de -ni |
-da | -na | -nara |
- The modern inflections are based on two primitive forms: d- and n-. The n- forms are historically older while the d- forms are newer and have replaced some of the older n- forms.
- Irrealis -daro is found with particle -u, resulting in -darou (-darō). Historically it was -dara. /au/ regularly changed into .
- Adverbial -daQ is often found with past particle -ta, resulting in "daQta" -> "datta".
- Adverbial -de is found before "aru" and "nai", as well as being used in to terminate one clause before beginning another (中止法).
- Adverbial -ni is used in adverbial constructions.
- Modern Japanese no longer inflects for imperative.
Read more about this topic: Adjectival Noun (Japanese)
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