Phonology
The following are phonemes of Acehnese.
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ĩ | ɨ | ɨ̃ | u | ũ |
| Close-mid | e | ɛ̃ | ə | ʌ̃ | o | ɔ̃ |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ʌ | ɔ | |||
| Open | a | ã | ||||
Vowels come mostly in oral/nasal pairs, though there are only three nasalized mid vowels while there are twice as many oral mid vowels. /ʌ/ is not strictly central, though it is shown here as such for aesthetic reasons. Similarly, /ɨ/ has also been represented as more back . In addition to the monophthongal vowels above, Acehnese also possesses five oral diphthongs, each with a nasal counterpart:
- /iə ɨə uə ɛə ɔə/
- /ĩə ɨ̃ə ũə ɛ̃ə ɔ̃ə/
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Plosive | p b | t d | c ɟ | k g | ʔ |
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||
| Trill | r |
/s/ is laminal alveodental. /ʃ/ is technically postalveolar but is in the palatal column for aesthetic reasons.
Read more about this topic: Acehnese Language