Academic Degree - Degree Systems By Regions - Europe

Europe

Since the Lisbon Recognition Convention elaborated by the UNESCO and the Council of Europe, degrees in Europe are being harmonised through the Bologna process, based on the three-level hierarchy of degrees: Bachelor (Licence in France, Poland, Portugal and Romania), Master and Doctor. This system is gradually replacing the two-stage system in use in some countries.

The Bologna Process currently has 47 participating countries. Although a country is a Bologna Process member state, this does not necessarily mean that the Bologna Accords have been implemented yet in that country.

Status Implementation Bologna Accords

Implemented
  • Belgium
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Croatia
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Finland
  • Georgia
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Italy
  • Moldova
  • Montenegro

  • the Netherlands
  • Norway
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Serbia
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
  • Republic of Macedonia
Not Implemented
  • Austria
  • France
  • Germany
  • Poland
  • Russia
  • Turkey

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