In Mathematics
109 is the 29th prime number, and also a Chen prime. The previous prime is 107, making them both twin primes. 109 is a centered triangular number.
109 is the smallest factor of one more than the product of the first twenty-three terms of the Euclid–Mullin sequence, making it the twenty-fourth term.
109 is the smallest number which is palindromic in bases 5 and 9.
The cycle of the decimal equivalent of 1/109 ends ...853211, the first six Fibonacci numbers in reversed order.
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“It is a monstrous thing to force a child to learn Latin or Greek or mathematics on the ground that they are an indispensable gymnastic for the mental powers. It would be monstrous even if it were true.”
—George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950)